@article{oai:jichi-ir.repo.nii.ac.jp:00000067,
 author = {Ilmiawati, Cimi and Ogawa, Masanori and Sasaki, Satoshi and Watanabe, Tomoko and Kayama, Fujio},
 journal = {自治医科大学紀要, Jichi Medical University Journal},
 month = {Mar},
 note = {Background: Seafood and seaweed are part of the daily diet in Japan. Despite the essential nutrients they provide, concerns have been raised regarding the various forms of arsenic (As) in these foods. Because populations living in coastal areas have better access to seafood and seaweed, it is important to study their level of exposure to As from these dietary sources. 
Objectives: To examine the urinary As excretion profiles of and identify dietar y factors possibly associated with urinary As in Japanese women living in Choshi, a coastal area in Chiba prefecture. 
Methods: Daily nutrient intake was assessed by a diet history questionnaire (DHQ) and urinary As species were determined by high performance liquid chromatography–inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrophotometry (HPLC-ICP-MS) in 92 participants, followed by statistical analyses of the data obtained. 
Results: The geometric mean (GM) of total urinary As was 248.3μg/g creatinine (μg/g cre). The main As metabolites in the urine were the organic compounds arsenobetaine (AsBe)(GM 163.4μg/g cre) and dimethylarsinic acid (DMA; GM 49.6μg/g cre). The urinary inorganic As (iAs) concentration was low (GM 1.8μg/g cre). Analysis on toxicologically relevant As species showed that the proportion of iAs, monomethylarsonic acid (MMA), and DMA were 3.4％, 3.1％, and 91.6％ (GM), respectively, after removing AsBe and other As species from total As. Spearman’s correlation coefficients showed that seafood and seaweed intake was significantly correlated with％iAs (r=-0.34; r=-0.36, respectively), ％MMA (r=-0.25; r=-0.28, respectively), and％DMA (r=0.33; r=0.37, respectively). Intake of B vitamins, vitamin C, and soy isoflavones showed significant negative correlations with％iAs and％MMA, but positive correlations with％DMA. 
Conclusions: Japanese women from the coastal area of Choshi are exposed to low-level iAs. Their intake of B vitamins and vitamin C was associated with proportions of urinary As species. We identified for the first time associations between estimated soy isoflavones intake and the proportion of urinary As species.},
 pages = {1--11},
 title = {Urinary arsenic excretion profiles and associated dietary factors in Japanese women from a coastal area in Chiba Prefecture},
 volume = {36},
 year = {2014}
}